What choke should I use with steel shot?
Steel shot is much harder than lead, but lighter. Steel needs higher pressure to get the lighter pellets as far as heavier lead ones. Tight chokes will increase the pressure in the barrel, possibly beyond its proof. This can damage the barrels. As the more uniform round steel pellets fly perfectly straight, steel shot patterns tighter than lead. It is recommended not to use a choke tighter than modified/½. This will give a pattern to the equivalent to full choke with lead shot. So, if you use improved cylinder/¼ and modified/½ with lead for game, surely cylinder and improved cylinder/¼ would be suitable for shooting game with steel? If you have a modern multichoke gun you will find ratings for lead and steel on the multichoke, that is to say lead ½, steel full or lead full, not steel. If you have a fixed-choke gun and it has a choke tighter than modified/½, you can’t use steel, even if it has steel proof marks. Speak to a gunsmith about having the choke taken out to something suitable for steel shot.
What shot size should I use when shooting steel?
When moving from lead shot it is recommended to use a shot size two sizes bigger than the lead equivalent. This helps to deliver more energy from the steel when connecting with the target. Steel is less dense than lead, each pellet weighing a third less. Steel cartridges with the same weight and shot size contain more pellets, giving denser patterns. If you normally use No 6 lead shot then in steel use No 4 shot. If you normally use No 5 in lead then use No 3 in steel, and your gun must be steel shot proofed.
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