The Science of CO2

When designing cannons it is instrumental to know a bit about CO2 - particularly to design for maximum efficiency (most shots per tank). It's otherwise interesting to understand why your marker freezes up under sustained fire with CO2 and also why your burst discs sometimes blow when your tank gets hot or is over filled.

The pressure and thermal characteristics are both particularly important when using CO2 for PVC based cannons. We don't want to over pressurize our PVC and we also don't want to freeze down the PVC while filling the chamber.

The over pressurization, which you may have noticed as "sometimes my gun shoots hot" is of particular concern with PVC. Your marker "shoots hot" when some liquid gets past the regulator and then turns to gas. This is also of particular concern when a CO2 tank and it's regulator are installed horizontally on a cannon - more opportunities for liquid flow.

So let's take a peak at The Science of CO2 and then relate that to markers, tanks, cannons, and cannon design.

CO2 is not an ideal gas.

CO2, as we will see is absolutely not an ideal gas, and there is significant hysterisis in it's state chart. This state chart:

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